1.詞性替換

大部分的同義替換都是動詞和動詞之間，名詞與名詞之間，形容詞與形容詞之間，然而跨越詞性的替換，也成為雅思聽力考試的新趨勢。

劍橋真題中出現(xiàn)過這樣一道題：

By 2008, carbon dioxide emissions need to be __________ lower than in 1990.

Listening script

The agreed targets for the UK mean that by 2008 we must reduce our carbon dioxide emissions by 12.5%, compared with 1990.

而題目中的lower是形容詞的比較級，聽力原文卻換成了動詞reduce，完成了從形容詞到動詞的替換。

2.反義替換

簡單說就是不用正話說，用反話表達(dá)。

在真題的一道摘要完成題中，題目是這樣的：

A good way for women to develop their _________ in dealing with financial affairs would be to attend classes in money management.

Listening Script:

Then research also suggests that women avoid dealing effectively with their economic situation because of a lack of confidence.

這里面做到的替換就是反義的說法，題目中說女性要培養(yǎng)她們的什么，而我們想到培養(yǎng)的同義詞，只有有限的幾個詞，所以考官采取了反義替換，如果女性想培養(yǎng) 他們的什么能力，那么可以說明她們在這個方面是欠缺的，或者說，這個方面就是她們的弱點(diǎn)，所以就有這樣一些詞出現(xiàn)在腦海里：weakness, drawback, shortcoming, lack of, lapse of, disadvantage, defect, deficiency, etc.