一、主謂關(guān)系中人稱和數(shù)量不一致性
漢語的動(dòng)詞不受主語的人稱和數(shù)量的影響，但英語的謂語動(dòng)詞要和主語保持一致，謂語動(dòng)詞要隨著主語變化而變化。而學(xué)生受漢語思維的影響，往往沒有習(xí)慣去考慮主語是第幾人稱，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
錯(cuò)誤例子：
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
正確例子：
a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.
b. He goes to school by bike every day.
分析：
a句中a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。b中 He是第三人稱單數(shù)，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中謂語動(dòng)詞go應(yīng)該加es。
二、時(shí)態(tài)
初中學(xué)生在寫作中經(jīng)常在時(shí)態(tài)方面犯錯(cuò)誤。英語時(shí)態(tài)種類繁多，動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式隨著時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。中文里沒有時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分。動(dòng)作或動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間由跟在動(dòng)詞后的諸如 “著”、“了”、“過”等副詞來表示，對(duì)初中生來說，掌握英語的時(shí)態(tài)不是很容易。
錯(cuò)誤例子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正確例子：
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析：
a句是一個(gè)常識(shí)問題，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。b句主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
三、語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤
動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式在英語中比比皆是，學(xué)生由于漢語思維的影響，很少考慮到用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。雖然中文里也有被動(dòng)式的含義，但與英語里被動(dòng)式表達(dá)方式完全不同。英語里的被動(dòng)式要求有助動(dòng)詞be和一個(gè)變異的過去分詞形式，其中這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞帶有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱數(shù)量信息，中文里需要使用諸如“被”、“使”、“讓”等詞語，不需要有不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞形式。這對(duì)中國的學(xué)習(xí)者來說就有潛在的困難。
錯(cuò)誤例子：
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正確例子：
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
分析：
以上句子的問題在于沒有正確運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
四、固定搭配
錯(cuò)誤多出現(xiàn)在介詞短語的搭配和固定詞組的搭配上，其中，特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法錯(cuò)誤最為常見。
錯(cuò)誤例子：
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正確例子：
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained the text to me very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
分析：
中國學(xué)習(xí)者的英語應(yīng)用很大程度上受到其母語的影響，經(jīng)常直接翻譯，沒有牢牢記住動(dòng)詞的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.
五、非謂語動(dòng)詞
學(xué)生常常對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念不清楚，對(duì)不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的用法不明白，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確，常把非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語動(dòng)詞。
錯(cuò)誤例子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正確例子：
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析：
a句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞來修飾things，此句缺的是后置定語。b句look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語，look forward to doing sth.