1.abrupt = sudden 突然的
　　2.accordingly = correspondingly 相應地
　　3.accounts for =explains 解釋
　　4.adapt= adjust 適應
　　5.adjacent = nearby鄰近的
　　6.adverse = unfavorable 不利的
　　7.advocated = promoted 提倡、鼓勵
　　8.aggregation = accumulation 積聚
　　9.aided = helped 幫助
　　10.alleged= supposed 所謂的
　　11.ambiguous = can be interpreted in more than one way 可以用多種方式解釋的
　　12.analogous = similar to 與...相似
　　13.apparent= obvious = evident = clear 明顯的
　　14.at intervals= periodically時不時地
　　15.autonomous = independent 獨立自主的
　　16.avid = enthusiastic 熱心的
　　17.bizarre = strange 奇怪的
　　18.ceases = stops 停止
　　19.classic=typical典型的
　　20.cluster = group 群
　　21.commonplace = ordinary 平凡的
　　22.compelled =required 強迫的
　　23.complexity = sophistication復雜
　　24.components= pieces 組成部分
　　25.Consequently = therefore 因此
　　26.considerable = significant 大量的
　　27.constant =occurring periodically 連續(xù)的
　　28.constrained to = forced to 受約束，被迫
　　29.consumed=used up消耗（盡）
　　30.contribute to=add to促進
　　31.controversial= debatable 有爭議的
　　32.corresponds to = matches匹配 = agrees with 符合
　　33.crucial =very important = significant = considerable 重要的
　　34.deliberately = intentionally 故意地
　　35.detach = separate 使分離
　　36.detected =discovered 發(fā)現、探明
　　37.discrete= separate不連續(xù)的
　　38.distinct = clear 清楚的 = separate 不同的，各自的
　　39.edge =advantage 優(yōu)勢
　　40.enabling = allowing = making possible使可能
　　41.encountered = came into contact with 遇見
　　42.enormous = huge 巨大的
　　43.ensured = guaranteed 確保
　　44.erased = eliminated 消除
　　45.eventually = finally
　　46.evolved = developed 進化，發(fā)展
　　47.exclusively = solely 僅僅
　　48.exhaust=use up=extremely tire 使耗盡
　　49.exploited =used 利用
　　50.extensive =large 龐大的
　　51.feasible = practical 可行的
　　52.fostered= encouraged 促進、鼓勵
　　53.frigid =cold 寒冷的
　　54.furthermore=in addition此外
　　55.gradual= slow 緩慢的
　　56.hazardous = dangerous 危險的
　　57.implement = carry out 實施
　　58.implications = consequences 暗示（的結果）
　　59.impressive = striking 引人矚目的
　　60.in essence = basically 本質上
　　61.in profusion = prolifically = abundantly = substantially =considerably =sufficiently = significantly 大量的
　　62.incited =stimulated 刺激
　　63.inconclusive= not decisive 無定論的
　　64.inevitable = certain 必然地
　　65.ingenuity = creativity 獨創(chuàng)性
　　66.innovation = change 創(chuàng)新
　　67.integrated = combined 結合的
　　68.isolated = widely separated 隔離的
　　69.keen = intense 強烈的
　　70.leftover = remaining 剩余的
　　71.manipulated = skillfully used 巧妙處置
　　72.mobilize = put into action 動員
　　73.modest = relatively small = minute = tiny 微小的
　　74.monumental = enormous 巨大的
　　75.motivated = encouraged 激發(fā)，鼓勵
　　76.mutual = shared 互相的
　　77.obligations =responsibilities 義務
　　78.on balance=overall =general 總的來說
　　79.ongoing = continuing持續(xù)
　　80.ornament = decoration 裝飾
　　81.outweighs =exceeds 超過
　　82.peak = the high point 頂峰 = maximum 至高
　　83.pertinent = relevant 相關的
　　84.pioneering = original 起初的
　　85.plague = cause trouble for 招致問題
　　86.portrayed = represented 表示，表現，說明
　　87.practically =almost 幾乎
　　88.premise = assumption 假定
　　89.preserving = maintaining 保留
　　90.prior to = before 在之前
　　91.profound = significant 深遠的，重大的 = severe 深刻的
　　92.proliferate = increase 激增
　　93.prolific= highlyproductive多產的
　　94.prolonged = extended 延長
　　95.properties= characteristics特點
　　96.pursue = practice 執(zhí)行
　　97.readily = easily 輕易地
　　98.relentless = without pause 不間斷的
　　99.remarkable = impressive 杰出的
　　100.remnants=remains殘余物
　　101.restricted = limited 受限的
　　102.retained =kept 保持
　　103.ringed=surrounded環(huán)繞
　　104.rival = competing 敵對的，競爭的
　　105.rudimentary = primitive 原始的
　　106.scale = size 規(guī)模、大小
　　107.self-sufficient =independent 自給自足的
　　108.stagnation = lack the growth 停滯
　　109.steadily = continually 穩(wěn)定持續(xù)地
　　110.subsistence = survival生存
　　111.succeeding = following 隨后的
　　112.supplement = add to補充
　　113.sustained = continued 持續(xù)
　　114.swift = fast 快速的
　　115.ties =connections 聯系
　　116.to some degree = to a certain extent 某種程度上
　　117.undertook = began 著手
　　118.vicinity=region（臨近）地區(qū)
　　119.vigorous=lively有活力的
　　120.was accompanied by = occurred together with 伴隨著