一、概念

表示在的過去某個時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。通常在句子里找到表示過去時間的詞或詞組。如：yesterday，yesterday morning，yesterday afternoon，yesterday evening，the day before yesterday(前天)，last night，last week，last month， last year，a moment ago(剛才)，just now(剛才)， two days ago，a week ago，in 1990等。 如： I went to bed ateleven last night. 昨晚我11：00睡覺。

二、動詞過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)律

(一)規(guī)則動詞的過去式

1、一般情況下，在動詞原形后面加-ed;如：look→looked play→played;

2、以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-d;如：live→lived use→used;

3、以“輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的動詞，先將 y 改為i ,再加 –ed;如：study→studied, try→tried fly→flied

4、以重讀閉音節(jié)(即輔音+元音+輔音)或r音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞，要先雙寫這個輔音字母后，再加 –ed。如：stop→stoppedplan→planned;

(二)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式

1、改變動詞中的元音;

begin→began drink→drank come→came eat→ate grow→grew run→ran know→knew win→won speak→spoketake→took write→wrote get→got

2、變詞尾的–d 為–t ; build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent

3、與動詞原形一樣; cut→cut put→put cost→cost hurt→hurt shut→shut

4、變-ay 為-aid (少數(shù)動詞); say→said pay→paid lay→laid

5、采用不同詞根;sell→sold teach→taught buy→bought

6、其他。如：am/is→was are→were have/has→had do→did

三、句式變化

(一)一般過去時的一般疑問句

1、把was, were放在句首，其余位置不變。由Was…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定答為：Yes，… was. 否定回答為：No，…. wasn’t. 由Were…?引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句，肯定回答為：Yes，… were. 否定回答為：No，… weren’t. 如：

(1)I was born in Shanghai. →Wereyou born in Shanghai?

→Yes, I was. (肯定回答) →No, I wasn’t. (否定回答)

(2)They were in Li Yan’s home last night.

→Were they in Li Yan’s home lastnight?

→Yes, they were. (肯定回答) →No, they weren’t. (否定回答)

2、在行為動詞的句子中，要用助動詞詞did來引導(dǎo)，其余的語序不變。要注意的是，要把行為動詞的過去式改為原形?？隙ɑ卮馂椋篩es, …did. 否定回答：No, …didn’t. 如：

John played computer games lastnight.

→Did John play computer gameslast night?

→Yes, he did. (肯定回答) →No, he didn’t. (否定回答)

(二)一般過去時的否定句

1、在表示過去存在的狀態(tài)的句子中，相接在was, were的后面加上not。

如：(1)He was in the park the day before yesterday. →He was not in the park the day beforeyesterday.

(2)We were busy last week. →We were not busy last week.

2、在表示過去的時間發(fā)生的動作的句子中，要在行為動詞的前面加助動詞didn’t.然后把過去式的行為動詞改為動詞原形。即：didn’t + 動詞原形。如：

(1)She played the violin last night. →She didn’t play the violin last night.

(2) They swam in the lakeyesterday. →They didn’t swim in thelake yesterday.

(三) 一般過去式的特殊疑問句

1.What did … ?(主要是詢問過去發(fā)生了什么事情，注意要把過去式改為動詞原形。)

We ate Chinese food lastnight. →What did we eat last night?

2.Where did ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的地方。)

They sang and dance in the musicroom yesterday morning.

→Where did they sing and danceyesterday morning?

3.Who + 動詞過去式 … ?( 主要是詢問過去事情發(fā)生的人物。)

Mike and Tom climbed mountainslast weekend.

→Who climbed mountains lastweekend?

四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1、在表示某個時間里存在的狀態(tài)的句子，系動詞用過式was，were構(gòu)成。如：

(1)I was at home yesterday. 昨天我在家。 (2)We were in the gym just now. 剛才我們在體育館。

2、在表示過去某個時間里發(fā)生的動作，用動詞的過去式構(gòu)成。如：

I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜訪了我的叔叔。

3、各種句式

(1)一般過去時的肯定陳述句：

主語 + 動詞過去式 + 賓語或表語。

He worked in Shanghai tenyears ago.

(2)一般過去時的否定句：

a.主語 + didn’t + 動詞原形 + 賓語。 (did + not = didn't)

He didn't do morning exercises yesterday.

b.主語 + wasn’t/weren’t +表語。(was + not = wasn't were+ not = weren't)

He wasn't an English teacher tenyears ago.

(3)一般過去時的一般疑問句：

a.Did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語 ?

Did you study English in 1990 ?

b.Was/Were + 主語 + 表語 ?

Was he a pupil five years ago ?

(4)一般過去時的特殊疑問句：

a.特殊疑問詞 + did + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 賓語?

Where did your parents live five years ago?

What did you do last Sunday?

b.特殊疑問詞 + were/was + 表語?

Who was at the zoo yesterday?

基礎(chǔ)知識也需要我們反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)，反復(fù)記憶。多少人覺得學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)知識浪費時間，轉(zhuǎn)而謀求更高層次的知識。殊不知基礎(chǔ)不好，就像地基不牢固的建筑，怎么可能把樓蓋得更高。