英語形容詞的用法有多種，可以作定語，作表語，作賓語補(bǔ)足語，有時也可用作狀語或補(bǔ)語，少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語、不能作定語，少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語,不能作表語。

一、形容詞的定義

形容詞的判斷方法
判斷一個詞是不是形容詞,可以從其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和句法特點(diǎn)兩方面來確定.
(1)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
以-able,-al,-ful, -ic,-ish,-less,-ous,-y等后綴結(jié)尾的詞,一般是形容詞,如:changeable(多變的),medical(醫(yī)學(xué)上的),careful(仔細(xì)的),atomic(原子的),foolish(愚蠢的),careless(粗心的),delicious(美味的),healthy(健康的),rainy(多雨的)等.
(2)句法特點(diǎn)
大多數(shù)形容詞都可以作定語;在be,look,seem等詞之后作表語;可用very來修飾,有比較級和最高級形式.其中,在句中作定語或作表語是形容詞最主要的特點(diǎn).如:
Mary is very nice.瑪麗很可愛.(表語) Mary is a nice girl.瑪麗是個可愛的女孩.(定語)
He was asleep.他睡著了.(表語) She is a perfect teacher.她是位十全十美的老師.(定語)
二、形容詞的用法
1.用作定語
Li Mei is a beautiful city girl. The new student comes from Japan..
2.用作表語
My father's car is very expensive. The English story is very interesting.
常見的后跟形容詞作表語的動詞:
①become, come, fall, get, go, grow, make, turn(表示"變成某種狀態(tài)")
②continue, hold, keep, lie, remain, stay(表示"保持某種狀態(tài)")
③appear, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, know(表示"感覺")
例如:
He turned red when he heard the news.
It's going to stay cold for some time. The beer tastes very delicious.
3.用作賓語補(bǔ)足語
Don't keep the door open. His success made him happy.
4."the+形容詞",表示一類人或事物,相當(dāng)于名詞,用作主語及賓語
The old often think of old things. The new always take the place of the old.
5.有時也可用作狀語或補(bǔ)語
Please speak loud and clear. These soldiers spent three days in the cold weather, cold and hungry.
6.少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語,不能作定語.
這些形容詞包括 ill,asleep,awake,alone,alive,well,worth,glad,unable,afraid等.例如:
(正)Don't be afraid. (誤) Mr Li is an afraid man.
(正)The old man was ill yesterday. (誤)This is an ill person.
(正)This place is worth visiting. (誤)That is a worth book.
7.少數(shù)形容詞只能作定語,不能作表語.
這些形容詞包括 little, live(活著的),elder, eldest 等.例如:
(正)My elder brother is a doctor. (誤)My brother is elder than I.
(正)This is a little house. (誤)The house is little.
(正)Do you want live fish or dead one (誤)The old monkey is still live.
三、形容詞的位置
1.形容詞一般放在名詞前作定語
單個形容詞修飾名詞時,一般要放在名詞的前面.它們的前面常常帶有冠詞,形容詞性物主代詞,指示代詞,數(shù)詞等.例如:
a red flower一朵紅花 this interesting story這個有趣的故事
six blind men 六個盲人 my own house我自己的房子
(1)當(dāng)形容詞所修飾的詞是由some, any, every, no等構(gòu)成的不定代詞時,形容詞必須置于所修飾的詞之后.例如:
She has something new to tell me. I have nothing important to do today.
Do you know anybody else here? 這兒你還有認(rèn)識的人嗎
(2)形容詞后面有介詞短語或不定式短語時,形容詞必須置于名詞之后.例如:
It is a problem difficult to work out. Edison is a student difficult to teach.
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow. 這是一種易栽的花.
(3)在以下特殊用法中,形容詞置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
All people, young or old, should be strict with themselves.
We are building a new school, modern and super.
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的國家,無論窮富,都應(yīng)該互相幫助.
(4)有少數(shù)形容詞,如enough和possible,既可置于所修飾的名詞之前,也可置于所修飾的名詞之后.例如:
Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare 你有足夠的時間做準(zhǔn)備嗎
Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或許它將成為你的一次可能的機(jī)遇.
(5)有些形容詞,置于名詞之前與之后,含義不盡相同.例如:
the writer present 出席的作家
the present writer 當(dāng)代的作家
2.兩個以上的形容詞修飾同一個名詞時的排列順序
限定詞→一般描繪性形容詞→表示大小,長短,高低的形容詞→表示形狀的形容詞→表示年齡,新舊的形容詞→表示色彩的形容詞→表示國籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞→表示物質(zhì),材料的形容詞→表示用途,類別的形容詞→名詞中心詞.例如:
an exciting international football match一場令人激動的國際足球賽
a new red sports shirt一件新的紅色運(yùn)動衫
a light black plastic umbrella一把輕的黑塑料傘
a small old brown wooden house 一座小的舊的棕色的木頭房子
巧記形容詞的排列順序
不少學(xué)生對如何排列形容詞的順序頗感困惑.在此,我們向同學(xué)們介紹一個簡單的記憶方法.即請你記住"限觀形齡色國材"這幾個字,這似乎有點(diǎn)不大好記,那就請你記住"縣官行令謝國材"吧.其含義分別是:
"縣"(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞,指示代詞,形容詞性物主代詞,名詞所有格,數(shù)詞等.
"官"(觀)代表表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,如:fine,beautiful,interesting等.
"行"(形)代表表示大小,長短,高低及形狀的形容詞,如:small,tall,high,little,round等.
"令"(齡)代表表示年齡,新舊的形容詞,如:old,young等.
"謝"("色"的近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞,如:white,black,yellow等.
"國"代表表示國籍,地區(qū),出處的形容詞(名詞),如:English,American,mountain等.
"材"則代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,如:stone,wooden,silk,plastic等.
多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞時,就按上述順序排列,然后加上中心名詞.例如:
1.a fine old stone bridge一座古老漂亮的石橋
2.two big round new Chinese wooden tables 兩張新的中國式的木制大圓桌
3.his large new black foreign car 他那輛新的大型黑色外國轎車