1. consist of ＝ be made up of 由……組成 (沒有進行時）

e.g. The UK consists ofGreat BritainandNorthern Ireland.

＝Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.

2. 區(qū)別:

* separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來）

* divide...into 把…分開 （把整體分為若干部分）

e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.

The Taiwan Strait separatesTaiwanfrom Fujian.

3. debate about sth.

e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.

debate /argue/ quarrel

4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；闡明;清楚；明了

e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.

Can you clarify the question?

5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接

【習慣用語】★ link A to B  將A和B連接起來

6. refer to

1)提及，指的是……

e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?

2) 參考；查閱；詢問

e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.

Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.

3) 關系到；關乎

e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.

This rule refers to everyone.

reference: n. 參考   e.g. reference books  參考書

7. to one's surprise (prep)

“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”

常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等

e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.

To John's great relief they reached the house at last.

8. ... found themselves united peacefully

“find +賓語＋賓補( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語；不定式）”

e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.

You'll find him easy to get along with.

They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.

When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.

I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.

9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….

e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.

get + n. + to do

get + n. + doing

You'll get her to agree.

I'll get the car going.

get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”

e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.

10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離；破除…

e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.

The man broke away from his guards.

break down (會談)破裂，失敗；(汽車等)出故障；(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣；（情感）失控

e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.

His health broke down under the pressure of work.

He broke down and wept when he heard the news.

Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.

* break in 闖入；打岔

* break off 中斷，折斷

* break into 闖入

* break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生

* break up 驅(qū)散；分散，拆散

11. as well as 不僅…而且；既…又…

e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.

The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.

12. convenience: n.方便；便利（convenient: adj.         ）

e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.

13. attraction: （attract: v.）

1). 吸引；引力(不可數(shù) n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力

2). 吸引人的東西；喜聞樂見的東西；精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)

He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.

A big city offers many and varied attractions.

What are the principle attractions this evening?

14. influence

1) v. 對…產(chǎn)生影響   e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?

2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事    e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.

3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響    e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.